See dufny on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "pl:Personality",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"dufać",
"dufać#Polish"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ#Proto-Slavic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Old_Polish:_adjective"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Polish"
],
[
"dufać",
"dufać#Polish"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dufać",
"4": "-ny",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish dufać\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish dufny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dufny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"dufny\">\nFrom dufać + -ny.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish dufać\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish dufny\nFrom dufać + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dufniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najdufniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dufny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dufniejszy",
"adv": "dufnie"
},
"expansion": "dufny (comparative dufniejszy, superlative najdufniejszy, derived adverb dufnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duf‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"duf‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"overconfident"
],
"id": "en-dufny-pl-adj-YRqVXa10",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<of whom/what>",
"3": ":w(loc)<in whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘of whom/what’; or with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’"
],
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘of",
"whom/what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"overconfident",
"overconfident"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or Zagórze) overconfident [with w (+ accusative) ‘of whom/what’; or with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ufny"
],
"id": "en-dufny-pl-adj-pmdPn3IK",
"links": [
[
"ufny",
"ufny#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) synonym of ufny"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ufny"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈduf.nɘ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufnɘ"
}
],
"word": "dufny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *de",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂ew",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ufnɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ufnɘ/2 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish",
"pl:Personality"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"dufać",
"dufać#Polish"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
],
[
"*-inas",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-inas"
],
[
"*-ьnъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьnъ#Proto-Slavic:_adjective"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Old_Polish:_adjective"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Polish"
],
[
"dufać",
"dufać#Polish"
],
[
"-ny",
"-ny#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "dufać",
"4": "-ny",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPolish dufać\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish dufny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"dufny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"dufny\">\nFrom dufać + -ny.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nPolish dufać\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish dufny\nFrom dufać + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dufniejszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najdufniejszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dufny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dufnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dufniejszy",
"adv": "dufnie"
},
"expansion": "dufny (comparative dufniejszy, superlative najdufniejszy, derived adverb dufnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"duf‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"duf‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish dated terms",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"overconfident"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(acc)<of whom/what>",
"3": ":w(loc)<in whom>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ accusative) ‘of whom/what’; or with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’"
],
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘of",
"whom/what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"overconfident",
"overconfident"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or Zagórze) overconfident [with w (+ accusative) ‘of whom/what’; or with w (+ locative) ‘in whom’]"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ufny"
],
"links": [
[
"ufny",
"ufny#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) synonym of ufny"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ufny"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈduf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈduf.nɘ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ufnɘ"
}
],
"word": "dufny"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dufny meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.